Recent advancements in the application of new monomers and membrane modification techniques for the fabrication of thin film composite membranes: A review

Thin film composite (TFC) membranes have been experiencing significant modifications recently aiming to improve their structure, properties and separation efficiency. One of the promising tailor more efficient is changing materials used. m -phenylene diamine (MPD), piperazine (PIP), trimesoyl chloride (TMC) are most common monomers used fabricate TFC membranes. Recent studies introduced several alternatives these traditional showing contribution physicochemical (e.g., surface roughness, hydrophilicity, cross-linking density, chemical structure) as well membranes' Emergence favorable functional groups such carboxylic amine due new integration facilitates polymerization process beneficial membrane properties. Here, a critical review on interfacial applied for reverse osmosis (RO) nanofiltration (NF) fabrication presented. The molecular structure mechanism investigated in details. This followed by recent modification methods including grafting, coating additive incorporating into thin layer application alternative MPD, PIP TMC benefits using or co-monomers discussed. • Review RO NF fabrication. TMC.